MultiPlayerEnvironment.cs

//#define LineListener
 
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Threading;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.Net;
using Waher.Events;
using Waher.Networking.MQTT;
#if LineListener
using Waher.Runtime.Console;
#endif
 
namespace Waher.Networking.PeerToPeer
{
    public enum MultiPlayerState
    {
        Created,
 
        Reinitializing,
 
        SearchingForGateway,
 
        RegisteringApplicationInGateway,
 
        FindingPlayers,
 
        ConnectingPlayers,
 
        Ready,
 
        Error,
 
        Closed
    }
 
    public class MultiPlayerEnvironment : IDisposable
    {
        private PeerToPeerNetwork p2pNetwork;
        private MqttClient mqttConnection = null;
        private MultiPlayerState state = MultiPlayerState.Created;
        private ManualResetEvent ready = new ManualResetEvent(false);
        private ManualResetEvent error = new ManualResetEvent(false);
        private Exception exception;
        private Player[] remotePlayers = new Player[0];
        private int mqttTerminatedPacketIdentifier;
        private int playerCount = 1;
        private int connectionCount = 0;
        private readonly Player localPlayer;
        private readonly Dictionary<IPEndPoint, Player> remotePlayersByEndpoint = new Dictionary<IPEndPoint, Player>();
        private readonly Dictionary<IPAddress, bool> remotePlayerIPs = new Dictionary<IPAddress, bool>();
        private readonly Dictionary<Guid, Player> playersById = new Dictionary<Guid, Player>();
        private readonly SortedDictionary<int, Player> remotePlayersByIndex = new SortedDictionary<int, Player>();
        private readonly string applicationName;
        private readonly string mqttServer;
        private readonly int mqttPort;
        private readonly string mqttNegotiationTopic;
        private readonly string mqttUserName;
        private readonly string mqttPassword;
        private readonly bool mqttTls;
 
        public MultiPlayerEnvironment(string ApplicationName, bool AllowMultipleApplicationsOnSameMachine,
            string MqttServer, int MqttPort, bool MqttTls, string MqttUserName, string MqttPassword,
            string MqttNegotiationTopic, int EstimatedMaxNrPlayers, Guid PlayerId, params KeyValuePair<string, string>[] PlayerMetaInfo)
        {
            this.localPlayer = new Player(PlayerId, new IPEndPoint(IPAddress.Any, 0), new IPEndPoint(IPAddress.Any, 0), PlayerMetaInfo);
            this.playersById[PlayerId] = this.localPlayer;
            this.applicationName = ApplicationName;
 
            this.mqttServer = MqttServer;
            this.mqttPort = MqttPort;
            this.mqttTls = MqttTls;
            this.mqttUserName = MqttUserName;
            this.mqttPassword = MqttPassword;
            this.mqttNegotiationTopic = MqttNegotiationTopic;
 
            this.p2pNetwork = new PeerToPeerNetwork(AllowMultipleApplicationsOnSameMachine ? this.applicationName + " (" + PlayerId.ToString() + ")" :
                this.applicationName, 0, 0, EstimatedMaxNrPlayers);
            this.p2pNetwork.OnStateChange += this.P2PNetworkStateChange;
            this.p2pNetwork.OnPeerConnected += this.P2pNetwork_OnPeerConnected;
            this.p2pNetwork.OnUdpDatagramReceived += this.P2pNetwork_OnUdpDatagramReceived;
        }
 
        private async Task P2pNetwork_OnUdpDatagramReceived(object Sender, UdpDatagramEventArgs e)
        {
            Player Player;
 
            lock (this.remotePlayersByEndpoint)
            {
                if (!this.remotePlayersByEndpoint.TryGetValue(e.RemoteEndpoint, out Player))
                    return;
            }
 
            if (!(Player.Connection is null))
                await Player.Connection.UdpDatagramReceived(Sender, e);
        }
 
        private async Task P2PNetworkStateChange(object Sender, PeerToPeerNetworkState NewState)
        {
            switch (NewState)
            {
                case PeerToPeerNetworkState.Created:
                    await this.SetState(MultiPlayerState.Created);
                    break;
 
                case PeerToPeerNetworkState.Reinitializing:
                    await this.SetState(MultiPlayerState.Reinitializing);
                    break;
 
                case PeerToPeerNetworkState.SearchingForGateway:
                    await this.SetState(MultiPlayerState.SearchingForGateway);
                    break;
 
                case PeerToPeerNetworkState.RegisteringApplicationInGateway:
                    await this.SetState(MultiPlayerState.RegisteringApplicationInGateway);
                    break;
 
                case PeerToPeerNetworkState.Ready:
                    try
                    {
                        this.exception = null;
 
                        this.localPlayer.SetEndpoints(this.p2pNetwork.ExternalEndpoint, this.p2pNetwork.LocalEndpoint);
 
                        this.mqttConnection = new MqttClient(this.mqttServer, this.mqttPort, this.mqttTls, this.mqttUserName, this.mqttPassword);
                        this.mqttConnection.OnConnectionError += this.MqttConnection_OnConnectionError;
                        this.mqttConnection.OnError += this.MqttConnection_OnError;
                        this.mqttConnection.OnStateChanged += this.MqttConnection_OnStateChanged;
                        this.mqttConnection.OnContentReceived += this.MqttConnection_OnContentReceived;
 
                        await this.SetState(MultiPlayerState.FindingPlayers);
                    }
                    catch (Exception ex)
                    {
                        this.exception = ex;
                        await this.SetState(MultiPlayerState.Error);
                    }
                    break;
 
                case PeerToPeerNetworkState.Error:
                    this.exception = this.p2pNetwork.Exception;
                    await this.SetState(MultiPlayerState.Error);
                    break;
 
                case PeerToPeerNetworkState.Closed:
                    await this.SetState(MultiPlayerState.Closed);
                    break;
            }
        }
 
        private async Task MqttConnection_OnStateChanged(object Sender, MqttState NewState)
        {
            if (NewState == MqttState.Connected)
            {
                await this.mqttConnection.SUBSCRIBE(this.mqttNegotiationTopic);
 
                BinaryOutput Output = new BinaryOutput();
                Output.WriteByte(0);
                Output.WriteString(this.applicationName);
 
                this.localPlayer.SetEndpoints(this.p2pNetwork.ExternalEndpoint, this.p2pNetwork.LocalEndpoint);
                this.Serialize(this.localPlayer, Output);
 
                await this.mqttConnection.PUBLISH(this.mqttNegotiationTopic, MqttQualityOfService.AtLeastOnce, false, Output);
 
#if LineListener
                ConsoleOut.WriteLine("Tx: HELLO(" + this.localPlayer.ToString() + ")");
#endif
            }
        }
 
        private void Serialize(Player Player, BinaryOutput Output)
        {
            Output.WriteString(Player.PublicEndpoint.Address.ToString());
            Output.WriteUInt16((ushort)Player.PublicEndpoint.Port);
 
            Output.WriteString(Player.LocalEndpoint.Address.ToString());
            Output.WriteUInt16((ushort)Player.LocalEndpoint.Port);
 
            Output.WriteGuid(Player.PlayerId);
            Output.WriteUInt((uint)Player.Count);
 
            foreach (KeyValuePair<string, string> P in Player)
            {
                Output.WriteString(P.Key);
                Output.WriteString(P.Value);
            }
        }
 
        private Player Deserialize(BinaryInput Input)
        {
            IPAddress PublicAddress = IPAddress.Parse(Input.ReadString());
            ushort PublicPort = Input.ReadUInt16();
            IPEndPoint PublicEndpoint = new IPEndPoint(PublicAddress, PublicPort);
 
            IPAddress LocalAddress = IPAddress.Parse(Input.ReadString());
            ushort LocalPort = Input.ReadUInt16();
            IPEndPoint LocalEndpoint = new IPEndPoint(LocalAddress, LocalPort);
 
            Guid PlayerId = Input.ReadGuid();
            bool LocalPlayer = PlayerId == this.localPlayer.PlayerId;
            int i, c = (int)Input.ReadUInt();
            KeyValuePair<string, string>[] PlayerMetaInfo = LocalPlayer ? null : new KeyValuePair<string, string>[c];
            string Key, Value;
 
            for (i = 0; i < c; i++)
            {
                Key = Input.ReadString();
                Value = Input.ReadString();
                if (!LocalPlayer)
                    PlayerMetaInfo[i] = new KeyValuePair<string, string>(Key, Value);
            }
 
            if (LocalPlayer)
                return null;
            else
                return new Player(PlayerId, PublicEndpoint, LocalEndpoint, PlayerMetaInfo);
        }
 
        private async Task MqttConnection_OnContentReceived(object Sender, MqttContent Content)
        {
            BinaryInput Input = Content.DataInput;
            byte Command = Input.ReadByte();
 
            switch (Command)
            {
                case 0: // Hello
                    string ApplicationName = Input.ReadString();
                    if (ApplicationName != this.applicationName)
                        break;
 
                    Player Player = this.Deserialize(Input);
                    if (Player is null)
                        break;
 
#if LineListener
                    ConsoleOut.WriteLine("Rx: HELLO(" + Player.ToString() + ")");
#endif
                    IPEndPoint ExpectedEndpoint = Player.GetExpectedEndpoint(this.p2pNetwork);
 
                    lock (this.remotePlayersByEndpoint)
                    {
                        this.remotePlayersByEndpoint[ExpectedEndpoint] = Player;
                        this.remotePlayerIPs[ExpectedEndpoint.Address] = true;
                        this.playersById[Player.PlayerId] = Player;
 
                        this.UpdateRemotePlayersLocked();
                    }
 
                    await this.OnPlayerAvailable.Raise(this, Player);
                    break;
 
                case 1:     // Interconnect
                    ApplicationName = Input.ReadString();
                    if (ApplicationName != this.applicationName)
                        break;
 
                    Player = this.Deserialize(Input);
                    if (Player is null)
                        break;
 
#if LineListener
                    ConsoleOut.Write("Rx: INTERCONNECT(" + Player.ToString());
#endif
                    int Index = 0;
                    int i, c;
                    LinkedList<Player> Players = new LinkedList<Player>();
                    bool LocalPlayerIncluded = false;
 
                    Player.Index = Index++;
                    Players.AddLast(Player);
 
                    c = (int)Input.ReadUInt();
                    for (i = 0; i < c; i++)
                    {
                        Player = this.Deserialize(Input);
                        if (Player is null)
                        {
#if LineListener
                            ConsoleOut.Write("," + this.localPlayer.ToString());
#endif
                            this.localPlayer.Index = Index++;
                            LocalPlayerIncluded = true;
                        }
                        else
                        {
#if LineListener
                            ConsoleOut.Write("," + Player.ToString());
#endif
                            Player.Index = Index++;
                            Players.AddLast(Player);
                        }
                    }
 
#if LineListener
                    ConsoleOut.WriteLine(")");
#endif
                    if (!LocalPlayerIncluded)
                        break;
 
                    await this.mqttConnection.DisposeAsync();
                    this.mqttConnection = null;
 
                    lock (this.remotePlayersByEndpoint)
                    {
                        this.remotePlayersByEndpoint.Clear();
                        this.remotePlayerIPs.Clear();
                        this.remotePlayersByIndex.Clear();
                        this.playersById.Clear();
 
                        this.remotePlayersByIndex[this.localPlayer.Index] = this.localPlayer;
                        this.playersById[this.localPlayer.PlayerId] = this.localPlayer;
 
                        foreach (Player Player2 in Players)
                        {
                            ExpectedEndpoint = Player2.GetExpectedEndpoint(this.p2pNetwork);
 
                            this.remotePlayersByIndex[Player2.Index] = Player2;
                            this.remotePlayersByEndpoint[ExpectedEndpoint] = Player2;
                            this.remotePlayerIPs[ExpectedEndpoint.Address] = true;
                            this.playersById[Player2.PlayerId] = Player2;
                        }
 
                        this.UpdateRemotePlayersLocked();
                    }
 
                    await this.SetState(MultiPlayerState.ConnectingPlayers);
                    await this.StartConnecting();
                    break;
 
                case 2:     // Bye
                    ApplicationName = Input.ReadString();
                    if (ApplicationName != this.applicationName)
                        break;
 
                    Guid PlayerId = Input.ReadGuid();
                    lock (this.remotePlayersByEndpoint)
                    {
                        if (!this.playersById.TryGetValue(PlayerId, out Player))
                            break;
 
#if LineListener
                        ConsoleOut.WriteLine("Rx: BYE(" + Player.ToString() + ")");
#endif
                        ExpectedEndpoint = Player.GetExpectedEndpoint(this.p2pNetwork);
 
                        this.playersById.Remove(PlayerId);
                        this.remotePlayersByEndpoint.Remove(ExpectedEndpoint);
                        this.remotePlayersByIndex.Remove(Player.Index);
 
                        IPAddress ExpectedAddress = ExpectedEndpoint.Address;
                        bool AddressFound = false;
 
                        foreach (IPEndPoint EP in this.remotePlayersByEndpoint.Keys)
                        {
                            if (IPAddress.Equals(EP.Address, ExpectedAddress))
                            {
                                AddressFound = true;
                                break;
                            }
                        }
 
                        if (!AddressFound)
                            this.remotePlayerIPs.Remove(ExpectedAddress);
 
                        this.UpdateRemotePlayersLocked();
                    }
                    break;
            }
        }
 
        private void UpdateRemotePlayersLocked()
        {
            int c = this.remotePlayersByEndpoint.Count;
 
            this.playerCount = 1 + c;
            this.remotePlayers = new Player[c];
            this.remotePlayersByEndpoint.Values.CopyTo(this.remotePlayers, 0);
        }
 
        private async Task P2pNetwork_OnPeerConnected(object Listener, PeerConnection Peer)
        {
            IPEndPoint Endpoint = (IPEndPoint)Peer.Tcp.Client.Client.RemoteEndPoint;
 
#if LineListener
            ConsoleOut.WriteLine("Receiving connection from " + Endpoint.ToString());
#endif
 
            bool Dispose = false;
 
            lock (this.remotePlayersByEndpoint)
            {
                if (!this.remotePlayerIPs.ContainsKey(Endpoint.Address))
                    Dispose = true;
            }
 
            if (Dispose)
            {
                await Peer.DisposeAsync();
                return;
            }
 
            Peer.OnClosed += this.Peer_OnClosed;
            Peer.OnReceived += this.Peer_OnReceived;
 
            BinaryOutput Output = new BinaryOutput();
 
            Output.WriteGuid(this.localPlayer.PlayerId);
            Output.WriteString(this.ExternalEndpoint.Address.ToString());
            Output.WriteUInt16((ushort)this.ExternalEndpoint.Port);
 
            await Peer.SendTcp(Output.GetPacket());
        }
 
        private async Task<bool> Peer_OnReceived(object Sender, byte[] Buffer, int Offset, int Count)
        {
            PeerConnection Connection = (PeerConnection)Sender;
            Player Player;
            byte[] Packet;
 
            if (Connection.StateObject is null)
            {
                BinaryInput Input = new BinaryInput(BinaryTcpClient.ToArray(Buffer, Offset, Count));
                Guid PlayerId;
                IPAddress PlayerRemoteAddress;
                IPEndPoint PlayerRemoteEndpoint;
 
                try
                {
                    PlayerId = Input.ReadGuid();
                    PlayerRemoteAddress = IPAddress.Parse(Input.ReadString());
                    PlayerRemoteEndpoint = new IPEndPoint(PlayerRemoteAddress, Input.ReadUInt16());
                }
                catch (Exception)
                {
                    if (!(Connection is null))
                        await Connection.DisposeAsync();
 
                    return true;
                }
 
                if (Input.BytesLeft == 0)
                    Packet = null;
                else
                    Packet = Input.GetRemainingData();
 
                bool AllConnected = false;
                bool DisposeConnection = false;
                PeerConnection ObsoleteConnection = null;
 
                lock (this.remotePlayersByEndpoint)
                {
                    if (!this.playersById.TryGetValue(PlayerId, out Player))
                        DisposeConnection = true;
                    else
                    {
                        if (Player.Connection is null)
                            this.connectionCount++;
                        else
                            ObsoleteConnection = Player.Connection;
 
                        Player.Connection = Connection;
                        Connection.StateObject = Player;
                        Connection.RemoteEndpoint = Player.GetExpectedEndpoint(this.p2pNetwork);
 
                        AllConnected = this.connectionCount + 1 == this.playerCount;
                    }
                }
 
                if (DisposeConnection)
                {
                    if (!(Connection is null))
                        await Connection.DisposeAsync();
 
                    return true;
                }
 
                if (!(ObsoleteConnection is null))
                    await ObsoleteConnection.DisposeAsync();
 
                await this.OnPlayerConnected.Raise(this, Player);
 
                if (AllConnected)
                    await this.SetState(MultiPlayerState.Ready);
 
                if (Packet is null)
                    return true;
            }
            else
            {
                Player = (Player)Connection.StateObject;
                Packet = BinaryTcpClient.ToArray(Buffer, Offset, Count);
            }
 
            await this.GameDataReceived(Player, Connection, Packet);
 
            return true;
        }
 
        protected virtual Task GameDataReceived(Player FromPlayer, PeerConnection Connection, byte[] Packet)
        {
            return this.OnGameDataReceived.Raise(this, new GameDataEventArgs(FromPlayer, Connection, Packet));
        }
 
        public event EventHandlerAsync<GameDataEventArgs> OnGameDataReceived = null;
 
        public async Task SendTcpToAll(byte[] Packet)
        {
            if (this.state != MultiPlayerState.Ready)
                throw new Exception("The multiplayer environment is not ready to exchange data between players.");
 
            PeerConnection Connection;
            foreach (Player Player in this.remotePlayers)
            {
                if (!((Connection = Player.Connection) is null))
                    await Connection.SendTcp(Packet);
            }
        }
 
        public Task SendTcpTo(Player Player, byte[] Packet)
        {
            if (this.state != MultiPlayerState.Ready)
                throw new Exception("The multiplayer environment is not ready to exchange data between players.");
 
            PeerConnection Connection = Player.Connection;
            return Connection?.SendTcp(Packet) ?? Task.CompletedTask;
        }
 
        public Task SendTcpTo(Guid PlayerId, byte[] Packet)
        {
            Player Player;
 
            lock (this.remotePlayersByEndpoint)
            {
                if (!this.playersById.TryGetValue(PlayerId, out Player))
                    throw new ArgumentException("No player with that ID.", nameof(PlayerId));
            }
 
            PeerConnection Connection = Player.Connection;
            return Connection?.SendTcp(Packet) ?? Task.CompletedTask;
        }
 
        public async Task SendUdpToAll(byte[] Packet, int IncludeNrPreviousPackets)
        {
            if (this.state != MultiPlayerState.Ready)
                throw new Exception("The multiplayer environment is not ready to exchange data between players.");
 
            PeerConnection Connection;
            foreach (Player Player in this.remotePlayers)
            {
                if (!((Connection = Player.Connection) is null))
                    await Connection.SendUdp(Packet, IncludeNrPreviousPackets);
            }
        }
 
        public Task SendUdpTo(Player Player, byte[] Packet, int IncludeNrPreviousPackets)
        {
            if (this.state != MultiPlayerState.Ready)
                throw new Exception("The multiplayer environment is not ready to exchange data between players.");
 
            PeerConnection Connection = Player.Connection;
            return Connection?.SendUdp(Packet, IncludeNrPreviousPackets) ?? Task.CompletedTask;
        }
 
        public Task SendUdpTo(Guid PlayerId, byte[] Packet, int IncludeNrPreviousPackets)
        {
            Player Player;
 
            lock (this.remotePlayersByEndpoint)
            {
                if (!this.playersById.TryGetValue(PlayerId, out Player))
                    throw new ArgumentException("No player with that ID.", nameof(PlayerId));
            }
 
            PeerConnection Connection = Player.Connection;
            return Connection?.SendUdp(Packet, IncludeNrPreviousPackets) ?? Task.CompletedTask;
        }
 
        private async Task Peer_OnClosed(object Sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            PeerConnection Connection = (PeerConnection)Sender;
            Player Player = (Player)Connection.StateObject;
            if (Player is null)
                return;
 
            if (Player.Connection != Connection)
                return;
 
            lock (this.remotePlayersByEndpoint)
            {
                Player.Connection = null;
                this.connectionCount--;
 
                Connection.StateObject = null;
            }
 
            await this.OnPlayerDisconnected.Raise(this, Player);
        }
 
        public event EventHandlerAsync<Player> OnPlayerAvailable = null;
 
        public event EventHandlerAsync<Player> OnPlayerConnected = null;
 
        public event EventHandlerAsync<Player> OnPlayerDisconnected = null;
 
        public async Task ConnectPlayers()
        {
            if (this.state != MultiPlayerState.FindingPlayers)
                throw new Exception("The multiplayer environment is not in the state of finding players.");
 
            await this.SetState(MultiPlayerState.ConnectingPlayers);
 
            int Index = 0;
            BinaryOutput Output = new BinaryOutput();
            Output.WriteByte(1);
            Output.WriteString(this.applicationName);
            this.localPlayer.Index = Index++;
            this.Serialize(this.localPlayer, Output);
 
#if LineListener
            ConsoleOut.Write("Tx: INTERCONNECT(" + this.localPlayer.ToString());
#endif
            lock (this.remotePlayersByEndpoint)
            {
                Output.WriteUInt((uint)this.remotePlayersByEndpoint.Count);
 
                foreach (Player Player in this.remotePlayersByEndpoint.Values)
                {
                    Player.Index = Index++;
                    this.Serialize(Player, Output);
 
#if LineListener
                    ConsoleOut.Write("," + Player.ToString());
#endif
                }
            }
 
            this.mqttTerminatedPacketIdentifier = await this.mqttConnection.PUBLISH(this.mqttNegotiationTopic, MqttQualityOfService.AtLeastOnce, false, Output);
            this.mqttConnection.OnPublished += this.MqttConnection_OnPublished;
 
#if LineListener
            ConsoleOut.WriteLine(")");
#endif
            await this.StartConnecting();
        }
 
        private async Task StartConnecting()
        {
#if LineListener
            ConsoleOut.WriteLine("Current player has index " + this.localPlayer.Index.ToString());
#endif
            if (this.remotePlayers.Length == 0)
                await this.SetState(MultiPlayerState.Ready);
            else
            {
                foreach (Player Player in this.remotePlayers)
                {
                    if (Player.Index < this.localPlayer.Index)
                    {
#if LineListener
                        ConsoleOut.WriteLine("Connecting to " + Player.ToString() + " (index " + Player.Index.ToString() + ")");
#endif
                        PeerConnection Connection = await this.p2pNetwork.ConnectToPeer(Player.PublicEndpoint);
 
                        Connection.StateObject = Player;
                        Connection.OnClosed += this.Peer_OnClosed;
                        Connection.OnReceived += this.Connection_OnReceived;
 
                        Connection.Start();
                    }
                    else
                    {
#if LineListener
                        ConsoleOut.WriteLine("Waiting for connection from " + Player.ToString() + " (index " + Player.Index.ToString() + ")");
#endif
                    }
                }
            }
        }
 
        private async Task<bool> Connection_OnReceived(object Sender, byte[] Buffer, int Offset, int Count)
        {
            PeerConnection Connection = (PeerConnection)Sender;
            Guid PlayerId;
            IPAddress PlayerRemoteAddress;
            IPEndPoint PlayerRemoteEndpoint;
 
            try
            {
                BinaryInput Input = new BinaryInput(BinaryTcpClient.ToArray(Buffer, Offset, Count));
 
                PlayerId = Input.ReadGuid();
                PlayerRemoteAddress = IPAddress.Parse(Input.ReadString());
                PlayerRemoteEndpoint = new IPEndPoint(PlayerRemoteAddress, Input.ReadUInt16());
            }
            catch (Exception)
            {
                await Connection.DisposeAsync();
                return true;
            }
 
            Player Player = (Player)Connection.StateObject;
            bool DisposeConnection = false;
 
            lock (this.remotePlayersByEndpoint)
            {
                if (!this.playersById.TryGetValue(PlayerId, out Player Player2) || Player2.PlayerId != Player.PlayerId)
                    DisposeConnection = true;
                else
                    Player.Connection = Connection;
            }
 
            if (DisposeConnection)
            {
                await Connection.DisposeAsync();
                return true;
            }
 
            Connection.RemoteEndpoint = Player.GetExpectedEndpoint(this.p2pNetwork);
 
            Connection.OnReceived -= this.Connection_OnReceived;
            Connection.OnReceived += this.Peer_OnReceived;
            Connection.OnSent += this.Connection_OnSent;
 
            BinaryOutput Output = new BinaryOutput();
 
            Output.WriteGuid(this.localPlayer.PlayerId);
            Output.WriteString(this.ExternalAddress.ToString());
            Output.WriteUInt16((ushort)this.ExternalEndpoint.Port);
 
            await Connection.SendTcp(Output.GetPacket());
 
            await this.OnPlayerConnected.Raise(this, Player);
 
            return true;
        }
 
        private async Task<bool> Connection_OnSent(object Sender, byte[] Buffer, int Offset, int Count)
        {
            PeerConnection Connection = (PeerConnection)Sender;
            Player Player = (Player)Connection.StateObject;
            bool AllConnected;
 
            Connection.OnSent -= this.Connection_OnSent;
 
            bool DisposePlayerConnection = false;
 
            lock (this.remotePlayersByEndpoint)
            {
                if (Player.Connection == Connection)
                    this.connectionCount++;
                else
                    DisposePlayerConnection = true;
 
                AllConnected = this.connectionCount + 1 == this.playerCount;
            }
 
            if (DisposePlayerConnection)
                await Player.Connection.DisposeAsync();
 
            if (AllConnected)
                await this.SetState(MultiPlayerState.Ready);
 
            return true;
        }
 
        private async Task MqttConnection_OnError(object Sender, Exception Exception)
        {
            this.exception = Exception;
            await this.SetState(MultiPlayerState.Error);
        }
 
        private async Task MqttConnection_OnConnectionError(object Sender, Exception Exception)
        {
            this.exception = Exception;
            await this.SetState(MultiPlayerState.Error);
        }
 
        public MultiPlayerState State => this.state;
 
        internal async Task SetState(MultiPlayerState NewState)
        {
            if (this.state != NewState)
            {
                this.state = NewState;
 
                switch (NewState)
                {
                    case MultiPlayerState.Ready:
                        this.ready.Set();
                        break;
 
                    case MultiPlayerState.Error:
                        this.error.Set();
                        break;
                }
 
                await this.OnStateChange.Raise(this, NewState);
            }
        }
 
        public event EventHandlerAsync<MultiPlayerState> OnStateChange = null;
 
        public string ApplicationName => this.applicationName;
 
        public IPAddress ExternalAddress
        {
            get { return this.p2pNetwork.ExternalAddress; }
        }
 
        public IPEndPoint ExternalEndpoint
        {
            get { return this.p2pNetwork.ExternalEndpoint; }
        }
 
        public IPAddress LocalAddress
        {
            get { return this.p2pNetwork.LocalAddress; }
        }
 
        public IPEndPoint LocalEndpoint
        {
            get { return this.p2pNetwork.LocalEndpoint; }
        }
 
        public Exception Exception => this.exception;
 
        public bool Wait()
        {
            return this.Wait(10000);
        }
 
        public bool Wait(int TimeoutMilliseconds)
        {
            switch (WaitHandle.WaitAny(new WaitHandle[] { this.ready, this.error }, TimeoutMilliseconds))
            {
                case 0:
                    return true;
 
                case 1:
                default:
                    return false;
            }
        }
 
        [Obsolete("Use the DisposeAsync() method.")]
        public async void Dispose()
        {
            try
            {
                await this.DisposeAsync();
            }
            catch (Exception ex)
            {
                Log.Exception(ex);
            }
        }
 
        public async Task DisposeAsync()
        { 
            await this.CloseMqtt();
 
            await this.SetState(MultiPlayerState.Closed);
 
            if (!(this.p2pNetwork is null))
            {
                await this.p2pNetwork.DisposeAsync();
                this.p2pNetwork = null;
            }
 
            this.ready?.Dispose();
            this.ready = null;
 
            this.error?.Dispose();
            this.error = null;
 
            if (!(this.remotePlayersByEndpoint is null))
            {
                Player[] ToDispose;
 
                lock (this.remotePlayersByEndpoint)
                {
                    this.playersById.Clear();
                    this.remotePlayersByIndex.Clear();
 
                    ToDispose = new Player[this.remotePlayersByEndpoint.Count];
                    this.remotePlayersByEndpoint.Values.CopyTo(ToDispose, 0);
 
                    this.remotePlayersByEndpoint.Clear();
                    this.remotePlayers = null;
                }
 
                foreach (Player Player in ToDispose)
                {
                    if (!(Player.Connection is null))
                        await Player.Connection.DisposeAsync();
                }
            }
        }
 
        private async Task CloseMqtt()
        {
            if (!(this.mqttConnection is null))
            {
                if (this.mqttConnection.State == MqttState.Connected)
                {
                    BinaryOutput Output = new BinaryOutput();
                    Output.WriteByte(2);
                    Output.WriteString(this.applicationName);
                    Output.WriteGuid(this.localPlayer.PlayerId);
 
                    this.mqttTerminatedPacketIdentifier = await this.mqttConnection.PUBLISH(this.mqttNegotiationTopic, MqttQualityOfService.AtLeastOnce, false, Output);
                    this.mqttConnection.OnPublished += this.MqttConnection_OnPublished;
 
#if LineListener
                    ConsoleOut.WriteLine("Tx: BYE(" + this.localPlayer.ToString() + ")");
#endif
                }
                else
                {
                    await this.mqttConnection.DisposeAsync();
                    this.mqttConnection = null;
                }
            }
        }
 
        private async Task MqttConnection_OnPublished(object Sender, ushort PacketIdentifier)
        {
            if (!(this.mqttConnection is null) && PacketIdentifier == this.mqttTerminatedPacketIdentifier)
            {
                await this.mqttConnection.DisposeAsync();
                this.mqttConnection = null;
            }
        }
 
        public int PlayerCount => this.playerCount;
 
        public bool LocalPlayerIsFirst
        {
            get { return this.localPlayer.Index == 0; }
        }
 
    }
}